보안 코딩 기법: 파일을 안전하게 삭제
Deleting files on a computer system is tricky. Everybody, even your mother, has deleted a file too many before and has been happy to find it still in the trash and able to recover it.
Data in computer systems is represented by a sequence of bits. That means the system needs to do some bookkeeping within the file system to know which bits represent which file. Among this information is the size of the file, the time it was last modified, its owner, access permissions and so on. This bookkeeping data is stored separately from the contents of the file.
Usually, when a file is removed nothing happens to the bits representing the file, but the bookkeeping data is changed so that the system knows this part of the storage is now meaningless and can be reused. Until another file is saved in this location and the bits in this location are overwritten, you can often still recover the data that was saved. This not only improves the speed of deleting files but is often a useful feature to undo the deletion.
However, there are downsides to this approach. When an application on a computer system handles sensitive information it will save this data somewhere on the file system. At some point, when the information is no longer needed, this data may be deleted. If no extra care is taken this data may still be recoverable even though the intention of the developer was that all data was deleted.
The easiest way to completely erase that data is to rewrite the file content with random data (sometimes even several times over). There are several existing methods of secure file removal and they vary across storage types and file systems such as the Gutmann method. However, for day to day application use, these are a bit overkill and you can just overwrite the data yourself.
Be careful though! Do not use all zeros or other low entropy data. Many filesystems may optimize writing such sparse files and leave some of the original content. It is recommended to generate securely random data to overwrite the entire file contents before deleting the file itself.
Data remanence is the residual physical representation of data that has been in some way erased. After storage media is erased there may be some physical characteristics that allow data to be reconstructed.
Application Security Researcher - R&D Engineer - PhD Candidate
Secure Code Warrior는 전체 소프트웨어 개발 라이프사이클에서 코드를 보호하고 사이버 보안을 최우선으로 생각하는 문화를 조성할 수 있도록 조직을 위해 여기 있습니다.AppSec 관리자, 개발자, CISO 또는 보안 관련 누구든 관계없이 조직이 안전하지 않은 코드와 관련된 위험을 줄일 수 있도록 도와드릴 수 있습니다.
데모 예약
Application Security Researcher - R&D Engineer - PhD Candidate
Deleting files on a computer system is tricky. Everybody, even your mother, has deleted a file too many before and has been happy to find it still in the trash and able to recover it.
Data in computer systems is represented by a sequence of bits. That means the system needs to do some bookkeeping within the file system to know which bits represent which file. Among this information is the size of the file, the time it was last modified, its owner, access permissions and so on. This bookkeeping data is stored separately from the contents of the file.
Usually, when a file is removed nothing happens to the bits representing the file, but the bookkeeping data is changed so that the system knows this part of the storage is now meaningless and can be reused. Until another file is saved in this location and the bits in this location are overwritten, you can often still recover the data that was saved. This not only improves the speed of deleting files but is often a useful feature to undo the deletion.
However, there are downsides to this approach. When an application on a computer system handles sensitive information it will save this data somewhere on the file system. At some point, when the information is no longer needed, this data may be deleted. If no extra care is taken this data may still be recoverable even though the intention of the developer was that all data was deleted.
The easiest way to completely erase that data is to rewrite the file content with random data (sometimes even several times over). There are several existing methods of secure file removal and they vary across storage types and file systems such as the Gutmann method. However, for day to day application use, these are a bit overkill and you can just overwrite the data yourself.
Be careful though! Do not use all zeros or other low entropy data. Many filesystems may optimize writing such sparse files and leave some of the original content. It is recommended to generate securely random data to overwrite the entire file contents before deleting the file itself.
Data remanence is the residual physical representation of data that has been in some way erased. After storage media is erased there may be some physical characteristics that allow data to be reconstructed.
Deleting files on a computer system is tricky. Everybody, even your mother, has deleted a file too many before and has been happy to find it still in the trash and able to recover it.
Data in computer systems is represented by a sequence of bits. That means the system needs to do some bookkeeping within the file system to know which bits represent which file. Among this information is the size of the file, the time it was last modified, its owner, access permissions and so on. This bookkeeping data is stored separately from the contents of the file.
Usually, when a file is removed nothing happens to the bits representing the file, but the bookkeeping data is changed so that the system knows this part of the storage is now meaningless and can be reused. Until another file is saved in this location and the bits in this location are overwritten, you can often still recover the data that was saved. This not only improves the speed of deleting files but is often a useful feature to undo the deletion.
However, there are downsides to this approach. When an application on a computer system handles sensitive information it will save this data somewhere on the file system. At some point, when the information is no longer needed, this data may be deleted. If no extra care is taken this data may still be recoverable even though the intention of the developer was that all data was deleted.
The easiest way to completely erase that data is to rewrite the file content with random data (sometimes even several times over). There are several existing methods of secure file removal and they vary across storage types and file systems such as the Gutmann method. However, for day to day application use, these are a bit overkill and you can just overwrite the data yourself.
Be careful though! Do not use all zeros or other low entropy data. Many filesystems may optimize writing such sparse files and leave some of the original content. It is recommended to generate securely random data to overwrite the entire file contents before deleting the file itself.
Data remanence is the residual physical representation of data that has been in some way erased. After storage media is erased there may be some physical characteristics that allow data to be reconstructed.
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Secure Code Warrior는 전체 소프트웨어 개발 라이프사이클에서 코드를 보호하고 사이버 보안을 최우선으로 생각하는 문화를 조성할 수 있도록 조직을 위해 여기 있습니다.AppSec 관리자, 개발자, CISO 또는 보안 관련 누구든 관계없이 조직이 안전하지 않은 코드와 관련된 위험을 줄일 수 있도록 도와드릴 수 있습니다.
보고서 보기데모 예약
Application Security Researcher - R&D Engineer - PhD Candidate
Deleting files on a computer system is tricky. Everybody, even your mother, has deleted a file too many before and has been happy to find it still in the trash and able to recover it.
Data in computer systems is represented by a sequence of bits. That means the system needs to do some bookkeeping within the file system to know which bits represent which file. Among this information is the size of the file, the time it was last modified, its owner, access permissions and so on. This bookkeeping data is stored separately from the contents of the file.
Usually, when a file is removed nothing happens to the bits representing the file, but the bookkeeping data is changed so that the system knows this part of the storage is now meaningless and can be reused. Until another file is saved in this location and the bits in this location are overwritten, you can often still recover the data that was saved. This not only improves the speed of deleting files but is often a useful feature to undo the deletion.
However, there are downsides to this approach. When an application on a computer system handles sensitive information it will save this data somewhere on the file system. At some point, when the information is no longer needed, this data may be deleted. If no extra care is taken this data may still be recoverable even though the intention of the developer was that all data was deleted.
The easiest way to completely erase that data is to rewrite the file content with random data (sometimes even several times over). There are several existing methods of secure file removal and they vary across storage types and file systems such as the Gutmann method. However, for day to day application use, these are a bit overkill and you can just overwrite the data yourself.
Be careful though! Do not use all zeros or other low entropy data. Many filesystems may optimize writing such sparse files and leave some of the original content. It is recommended to generate securely random data to overwrite the entire file contents before deleting the file itself.
Data remanence is the residual physical representation of data that has been in some way erased. After storage media is erased there may be some physical characteristics that allow data to be reconstructed.
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